What potential problem(s) should you be aware of when mice are undergoing surgical procedures?

• A. Bleeding
• B. Infection
• C. Hypothermia
• D. All of the Above

Answer: (D)

Mice undergoing surgical procedures can face several complications that must be anticipated. Bleeding is a concern because mice have a very small total blood volume, so even modest blood loss can lead to hypovolemia and reduced tissue perfusion. Achieving meticulous hemostasis and being prepared to control any oozing or vessel injury helps prevent this issue from escalating. Infection risk is present due to the incision and handling, and anesthesia can further compromise immune defenses; strict aseptic technique, sterile instruments, proper wound closure, and vigilant postoperative care reduce the chance of infection. Hypothermia is common in small animals during surgery because they lose heat quickly and anesthesia impairs normal temperature regulation; using a warmed surgical surface, blankets, and warmed fluids helps maintain normothermia and supports smoother recovery. Because each of these factors can occur independently or together, they all matter during mouse surgery, underscoring why the correct approach is to address all of them to protect welfare and outcomes.